IUI (Intrauterine Insemination): A Practical Overview

When talking about IUI, a simple, low‑cost assisted reproductive technology that places processed sperm directly into the uterus around ovulation. Also known as Intrauterine Insemination, it offers a middle ground between timed intercourse and more invasive IVF cycles.

One of the main infertility treatments, IUI is often the first option recommended for couples facing mild male factor issues, unexplained infertility, or cervical mucus problems. The procedure relies heavily on precise ovulation monitoring, using blood tests, ultrasound or home luteinizing hormone kits to pinpoint the fertile window. Timing the sperm drop just before the egg is released maximizes the odds of fertilisation without the need for laboratory fertilisation.

Key Components of an IUI Cycle

A typical IUI journey starts at a fertility clinic, where specialists coordinate hormone protocols, monitor follicles and handle sperm processing in a clean lab environment. Most clinics use a short course of oral or injectable medication to stimulate the ovaries, aiming for one or two mature follicles. Once the lead follicle reaches about 18‑20 mm, the clinic triggers ovulation with a hCG injection, and the IUI is scheduled roughly 36 hours later.

The sperm side of things matters just as much. After collection, the sample undergoes a "wash" – a centrifugation step that removes seminal fluid and concentrates motile sperm. Labs may also use density‑gradient techniques to improve the quality of the final sample. The final concentrate, often containing a few hundred thousand motile sperm, is loaded into a thin catheter and gently deposited through the cervix into the uterine cavity.

Because the sperm are delivered directly to where fertilisation occurs, the procedure bypasses many barriers that can hinder natural conception. However, success still hinges on the quality of both gametes and the timing of the insemination. Studies from UK clinics in 2024 report average pregnancy rates per cycle ranging from 10‑15 % for unexplained infertility to 20‑25 % when mild male factor issues are present.

Couples often wonder how many cycles to try before moving on to IVF. While there’s no one‑size‑fits‑all answer, many specialists suggest evaluating after 3‑4 attempts if the same protocol is used, especially when the woman is under 35. Age, ovarian reserve, and sperm quality all influence the decision to continue or switch strategies.

Cost is another big question. IUI typically runs between £400‑£800 per cycle in the UK, considerably less than the £5,000‑£7,000 price tag for a full IVF cycle. Insurance coverage varies, but many private health plans will at least partially reimburse the medication costs.

Beyond the clinical side, emotional support plays a vital role. Couples report feeling more in control during IUI because they can see hormone changes, ultrasound images and even the needle‑free sperm injection. A supportive clinic environment and clear communication can reduce the stress that often accompanies fertility journeys.

For those considering IUI, a few practical tips can boost confidence: keep a fertility diary to track symptoms, discuss medication side‑effects with your doctor, and ask for a clear timeline of appointments. Also, ask the clinic about their lab’s sperm‑wash success rates and whether they offer a backup plan if the trigger shot timing goes off.

Whether you’re just starting to explore options or you’ve already begun a cycle, understanding how IUI fits within the broader landscape of assisted reproductive technology helps you make informed choices. Below you’ll find a curated list of articles that dive deeper into specific aspects— from detailed cost breakdowns and insurance considerations to step‑by‑step guides on ovulation tracking, sperm preparation techniques, and patient experiences. Use them to shape your plan and feel empowered at every step.